As various paths are being explored to achieve Carbon Neutral by 2050, internal combustion engines must continue to evolve to further improve thermal efficiency and comply with exhaust gas regulations.

The creation of technologies to maximize the potential of internal combustion engines will continue to be essential in the future, and the advancement of measurement and control technologies to support this evolution is considered indispensable. Against this backdrop, we would like to invite participants to discuss measurement and control technologies common to both gasoline and diesel engines, and control technologies from combustion to emissions, under the theme of measurement and control technologies that support the evolution of internal combustion engines.

Spray bending angle of direct injection diesel based on spray momentum theory is a method to theoretically calculate the angle at which the fuel spray injected from a multi-hole nozzle bends due to the disproportion of the momentum of the entrained ambient gas. The spray bending angle is calculated by further extending the extended spray momentum theory, which calculates the backflow velocity of the ambient atomizing gas, and calculating the disproportion of the backflow gas momentum component perpendicular to the injection direction. This calculation method clarifies why slight differences in nozzle tip protrusion in diesel engines have a significant effect on fuel consumption and smoke. This method can also be applied to the theoretical calculation of the spray bend angle of direct-injection gasoline spray.

Spray curvature of multi-hole direct-injection gasoline injectors based on spray momentum theory is an important phenomenon in direct-injection gasoline engines that affects exhaust performance due to mutual interference between sprays, and requires prediction technology at the design stage. While CFD is being investigated as a method to accurately predict spray curvature, there is also a need for a simple method to estimate spray curvature. A method to calculate spray curvature based on spray momentum theory was studied, and compared and discussed with actual spraying.

Ammonia formation has become a problem in three-way catalysts used in gasoline vehicles. We conducted driving tests using direct-injection gasoline vehicles equipped with three-way catalysts and PEMS and SEMS, and investigated the actual ammonia emissions on actual roads and the effects of differences in driving behavior of drivers on ammonia emissions. We also analyzed ammonia emissions from gasoline vehicles on real roads as a method of analyzing real-world emissions using compact PEMS, which are expected to become widely used in the future.